Acute kidney injury as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in a general medical ward: A retrospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care centre in India.

Mujtaba  Ashraf; Prem  Prakash

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2543

Authors

Mujtaba Ashraf Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India
Prem Prakash Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2543

Keywords:

Acute kidney injury, in-hospital mortality, general medical ward, KDIGO criteria, retrospective study

Abstract

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early identification is crucial to improving patient outcomes.

Objective:

To evaluate whether Aki is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality among patients admitted to a general medical ward.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India from January 2024 to December 2024. Medical records of 100 patients admitted to the general medical ward were analyzed. Patients were categorized into AKI and non-AKI groups based on KDIGO criteria. Demographic details, clinical parameters, and outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

Among the 100 patients, 37% developed AKI. The majority of patients were aged 41–60 years (35%), with males constituting 56%. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 22%. Mortality was significantly higher in Aki patients (35.1%) compared to non-Aki patients (14.3%). A statistically significant association was observed between Aki and in-hospital mortality (p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Aki is a significant independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in general medical wards. Early detection and timely management strategies are essential to reduce adverse outcomes.

Recommendations:

Routine monitoring of renal function, early intervention, and preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce AKI-related mortality.

Author Biographies

Mujtaba Ashraf, Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India

is a senior resident in the department of general medicine at GMCH, Purnea, with research interests in nephrology and critical care.

Prem Prakash, Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India

is an associate professor in general medicine with extensive experience in clinical research and medical education.

References

Kumar, hussain mw, choudhary r. Acute kidney injury is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in a general medical ward : A retrospective study from JLMCH Bhagalpur. Int J Curr Pharm Rev Res. 2025;17(8):547-51.

Vairakkani R, Edwin Fernando M SS, Harshavardhan T S Yrt. Acute kidney injury in a tertiary care center of south india. Indian J Nephrol. 2021;31:206-15. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijn.IJN_481_20

Koushik bhattacharjee, mukherjee t, kundu ak, dasgupta s. Epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in the critical care unit : A prospective observational study. Indian J Nephrol. 2026; xx(xx):1-8. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJN_541_2025

Chandiraseharan vk, kalimuthu m, prakash tv, george t. Acute kidney injury is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in a general medical ward : A retrospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India. Indian J Med Res 152. 2020;152(october):386-92. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1685_18

Murthy j, abdul b, uppara a, kumar r. Clinical profile and outcomes of acute kidney injury in a tertiary care medical ICU : A retrospective observational study. Int J Med Pharm Res. 2026;7(1):3009-15.

Rajeev ranjan, nikhil kumar, shachindra kumar astik aks. Acute kidney injury as an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients : A retrospective study from a tertiary care centre in eastern India. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res. 2026;15(1):800-4.

Khambhala m v, Bhatt kn, Vasava kd, Chaudhary pb. A retrospective study of outcomes of acute kidney injury in the medical intensive care unit. Jiacm. 2025;26(3):97-102.