Evaluation of Semen Analysis Parameters Among Infertile Male Partners: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study on Sperm Concentration, Motility, and Morphology: Retrospective.

Dr. Richa  Bhartiya; Dr. Abhijit  Khandkar; Dr. Nivedita  Kumar; Dr. Pooja  Tambe; Dr. Manasi  Karwa; Dr. Sushma  Ramraje

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2541

Authors

Dr. Richa Bhartiya Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008
Dr. Abhijit Khandkar Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008
Dr. Nivedita Kumar 3Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008
Dr. Pooja Tambe Junior resident, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008
Dr. Manasi Karwa Junior Resident Department of pathology Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals Mumbai 4000008
Dr. Sushma Ramraje Professor and HOD Pathology, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2541

Keywords:

Infertility, Azoospermia, Oligozoospermia, Asthenozoospermia

Abstract

Introduction:
Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse and affects 8–12% of couples worldwide. In India, primary infertility ranges from 3.9% to 16.8% and poses significant health and social concerns. Male-factor infertility accounts for 40–50% of cases and is characterized by abnormalities in sperm count, motility, morphology, or vitality. Semen analysis remains the most basic, cost-effective, and widely used tool for evaluating male infertility.

Aims and Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate semen characteristics in male partners of infertile couples and assess the contribution of male-related factors to infertility.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 male partners of infertile couples who presented to a tertiary care center in Mumbai between February 2025 and January 2026. Semen specimens were obtained following 3–5 days of sexual abstinence and evaluated in accordance with WHO recommendations, assessing parameters such as semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, pH, and cellular components.

Results:

Out of 87 patients, 36 (41.37%) showed abnormal semen parameters. Oligozoospermia (16.09%) was the most common abnormality, followed by azoospermia (14.94%) and asthenozoospermia (10.34%). Abnormal findings were more common in patients aged >30 years (72.22%). Most samples (83.9%) had normal semen volume (2–4 mL), while 12.01% showed reduced motility (<40%).

Conclusion:

A significant proportion of infertile males showed abnormal semen parameters, highlighting the crucial role of semen analysis in infertility evaluation. Routine semen analysis should be recommended as a first-line investigation in all infertile couples, with early intervention strategies to improve reproductive outcomes.

Author Biography

Dr. Richa Bhartiya, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ group of Hospitals, Mumbai 4000008

is an Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology with expertise in reproductive pathology. Other authors are faculty and residents actively involved in clinical and diagnostic research.

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