Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Mujtaba  Ashraf; Prem  Prakash

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2556

Authors

Dr. Mujtaba Ashraf Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India.
Dr. Prem Prakash Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2556

Keywords:

Community-acquired pneumonia, mortality, diabetes, patients, hyperglycemia

Abstract

Background:

One well-known risk factor for greater severity and death from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is diabetes mellitus (DM). Due to immune system impairment, hyperglycemia puts diabetes patients at risk for serious infections and unfavourable outcomes.

Aim: To assess the mortality, severity, and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

Over the course of a year, 100 diabetic patients with CAP were included in a retrospective analysis. Information was gathered about mortality, complications, severity grading, and demographics. CAP severity was divided into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant.

Results:

Of the 100 patients, 25% had severe CAP, 35% had moderate CAP, and 40% had mild CAP. Severity was associated with a significant increase in mortality: 5% in mild instances, 17% in intermediate cases, and 48% in severe cases (p = 0.00012). Higher mortality was significantly correlated with severe CAP.

Conclusion:

Community-acquired pneumonia mortality and severity are strongly impacted by diabetes mellitus. To lower mortality, diabetic patients with severe CAP must be identified early and treated aggressively.

Recommendation:

Early risk stratification, strict glycemic control, and timely intensive care management should be prioritized in diabetic patients with severe CAP to reduce mortality.

Author Biographies

Dr. Mujtaba Ashraf, Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India.

is a senior resident in general medicine with an interest in infectious diseases.

Dr. Prem Prakash, Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, GMCH, Purnea, Bihar, India.

is an associate professor with expertise in internal medicine and clinical research.

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