Prevalence and determinants of dental anxiety among adults in Benin: an analytical cross-sectional study at a health center in Parakou, 2025.

Gaston SAKPONOU; Benedicta Ngwenchi  Nkeh-Chungag

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i2.2653

Authors

Gaston SAKPONOU Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.
Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag Walter Sisulu University, South Africa.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i2.2653

Keywords:

dental anxiety, Dental Fear Survey, prevalence, associated factors, heart rate

Abstract

Background:

Dental anxiety is an often-underestimated public health problem that may lead to avoidance of dental care and oral health complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, determinants, and physiological manifestations of dental anxiety among adults.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 adults. Dental anxiety was assessed using the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) and complemented by changes in heart rate before and after dental procedures (ΔHR = HR during – HR before) as a physiological indicator. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associated factors.

Results:

The mean age was 32.68 ± 13.19 years, with 58% females. Most patients (61.67%) had a tertiary education. The mean DFS score was 33.91 ± 9.39; 81% of participants exhibited very low anxiety, and 19% had moderate anxiety. Main anxiety triggers were pain (30%) and local anesthetic injection (17.5%). In the adjusted model, female sex and higher educational level emerged as independent determinants of dental anxiety. Physiologically, heart rate increased most during dental extractions, confirming their anxiogenic nature. The multivariate model explained 24% of the change in heart rate, primarily driven by procedure type and sex.

Conclusion:

Dental anxiety in this population was generally low but present in a meaningful proportion of patients. Female sex, higher educational level, and the invasive nature of dental procedures were key determinants. To improve patients' experiences, dental services should use a combination of clear and empathetic communication, pain control, and behavioral strategies to reduce anxiety and its impact on dental care.

Author Biography

Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa.

-Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences

- Full Professor

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