Correlation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Abstract

Abstract

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension frequently coexist and significantly increase cardiovascular risk. Understanding their relationship is essential for early detection and management.

 Methods:
This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center over 12 months (January 2024 to December 2024). A total of 100 patients aged ≥35 years were included. Data on age, gender, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and disease duration were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and independent t-test, with p<0.05 considered significant.

 Results:
Among the participants, 55% were males and 45% were females, with a mean age of 58.2 ± 7.5 years. Of the total, 25% had only diabetes, 30% had only hypertension, and 45% had both conditions. A statistically significant association was observed between T2DM and hypertension (χ² = 8.7, p = 0.003). Patients with both conditions had significantly higher systolic (150.6 ± 12.1 mmHg vs 142.3 ± 10.4 mmHg, p = 0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (94.1 ± 8.3 mmHg vs 88.6 ± 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.01). Additionally, fasting blood glucose levels were higher in patients with both conditions (162.5 ± 28.3 mg/dL vs 148.2 ± 24.6 mg/dL, p = 0.03).

 Conclusion:
A strong association exists between T2DM and hypertension. Early screening and integrated management strategies are essential to reduce complications.