Bacteriological Analysis of Wound Infections and Evaluation of Multi-Drug Resistance: A Retrospective Study

Sahoo Soumyakanta; Nihar Ranjan  Dash; Nirupama  Chayani

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i11.2473

Authors

Sahoo Soumyakanta Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, DRIEMS Institute of Health Sciences & Hospital, Tangi, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Nihar Ranjan Dash Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, DRIEMS Institute of Health Sciences and Hospital, Tangi, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Nirupama Chayani HOD, Department of Microbiology, DRIEMS Institute of Health Sciences and Hospital, Tangi, Cuttack, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i11.2473

Keywords:

Wound Infections , Multi-Drug Resistance, hospitalized patients

Abstract

Background:
Wound infections remain a frequent problem in hospitalized patients and often lead to delayed recovery and prolonged hospital stay. In recent years, the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms has made treatment more complicated and less predictable.

Objective:
To evaluate the bacteriological profile of wound infections and determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha.

Methods:
A retrospective study was carried out at DRIMS Institute of Health Sciences & Hospital, Tangi, Cuttack, from March to August 2024. Fifty culture-positive wound samples were analyzed. Identification of isolates was performed using standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2023 guidelines. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to at least one drug in three or more antimicrobial classes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square test was applied, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 72% of isolates, while 28% were Gram-positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (24%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Escherichia coli (18%). Overall, 46% of isolates were multidrug resistant. MDR was significantly more common among Gram-negative organisms compared to Gram-positive organisms (58.3% vs 14.3%, χ² = 6.42, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates a substantial burden of Gram-negative pathogens and multidrug resistance in wound infections. Continuous surveillance and rational antibiotic use are necessary to prevent further escalation of resistance.

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