A cross-sectional comparative study of the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in normal individuals, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and diabetic nephropathy.

Shaik Yaseen Chand  Basha; M.Sarala; Daya Truphosa   Devara; M.Prasad

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1845

Authors

Dr. Shaik Yaseen Chand Basha Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr.M.Sarala Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Daya Truphosa Devara MBBS Student, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
M.Prasad Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i6.1845

Keywords:

Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Inflammation, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Renal Function, Biomarker

Abstract

Background

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. The Monocyte to HDL Cholesterol Ratio (MHR) has emerged as a novel inflammatory marker linked with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, its clinical relevance across the spectrum of diabetes and nephropathy remains underexplored.

Objective: To compare the MHR among healthy individuals, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and those with diabetic nephropathy, and to evaluate its correlation with renal function markers.

Methods

A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 100 participants divided into three groups: healthy controls (n = 30), diabetes mellitus without complications (n = 35), and diabetic nephropathy (n = 35). Monocyte count, HDL cholesterol levels, and renal function tests (serum creatinine, eGFR) were measured. MHR was calculated as the ratio of absolute monocyte count to HDL cholesterol. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation.

Results

The mean age of participants was 52.9 ± 7.7 years, with no statistically significant age difference among groups. Gender distribution was approximately balanced (55% male, 45% female).MHR values showed a progressive increase from healthy individuals (8.45 ± 1.56) to diabetic patients (13.27 ± 2.31), and were highest in diabetic nephropathy patients (18.65 ± 3.02) (p < 0.001). MHR was positively correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and negatively with eGFR (r = -0.47, p < 0.01). Significant intergroup differences were observed across all parameters.

Conclusion

The study highlights that MHR significantly increases with disease progression from diabetes to diabetic nephropathy and correlates with declining renal function. MHR may serve as a simple, cost-effective inflammatory biomarker for early risk stratification in diabetic patients.

Recommendations

Routine inclusion of MHR in diabetic monitoring protocols may improve early detection of nephropathy and guide timely interventions in high-risk individuals.

Author Biographies

Dr. Shaik Yaseen Chand Basha, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Shaik Yaseen Chand Basha is currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. He holds his MBBS from ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, and an MD in Biochemistry from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. Previously, he worked as a Senior Resident in RIMS Medical College, Ongole. As Assistant Professor in AIMSR, Chittoor. As Associate Professor in Dr.Pinnameni Siddhartha Medical College, Chinaoutpally, Andhra Pradesh. He published 5 Research Papers on Biochemistry in various national and international journals. He is a Member of Organisations like the Association of Clinical Biochemists of India and the Indian Medical Association. He is an Internal Audit Assessor in NABL ISO 15189. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4991-1798

Dr.M.Sarala, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr.M.Sarala is a postgraduate in (MD Biochemistry) from Dr. NTR Health University, Vjayawada, AP, India. At present, he is working Assistant Professor Department of Biochemistry, SMC, Vijayawada, AP, India. Worked as an Assistant Professor Department of Biochemistry, Pinnameni Siddhartha Medical College and Katuri Medical College, Andhra Pradesh, India. She published 10 Research Papers on Biochemistry and other subjects in various national and international journals. She is an Internal Audit Assessor in NABL ISO 15189. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1366-704X.

Daya Truphosa Devara, MBBS Student, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Daya Truphosa Devara is an MBBS student in Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, with ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8365-5068.

M.Prasad, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr.M.Prasad is a postgraduate in MSC (Medical Biochemistry) and PhD (Medical Biochemistry) from Dr. NTR Health University, Vjayawada, AP, India. At present, he is working Assistant Professor Department of Biochemistry, SMC, Vijayawada, AP, India. Worked as an Associate Professor, dept of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is the Author of the Book (Molecular Biology for Advanced Learners) and is available in the market. He published 60 Research Papers on different Biochemistry and other subjects in various national and international journals. He is a Member of National and International organizations like the Association of Clinical Biochemists of India and the American Association of Clinical Chemistry Boards. He is a Peer reviewer and a scientific Advisory board Committee member in various national and International journals. He is an Internal Audit Assessor in NABL ISO 15189. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1804-3351.

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