CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF ANEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

S Sivajyothsna; J Srikanth; D.S.S.K  Raju

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i3.1785

Authors

Dr. S Sivajyothsna Assistant Professor , Department of Pathology , Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences , Nellimarla , Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr . J Srikanth Consultant Urologist, Srikanth Kidney and Laparoscopic Centre, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. D.S.S.K. Raju Associate Professor, Department OF Biochemistry, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences , Nellimarla , Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i3.1785

Keywords:

chronic kidney disease, anemia, glomerular filtration rate, comorbidities, erythropoietin, mortality, hospitalization

Abstract

Background

Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can impact clinical outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anemia, its association with renal function, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in CKD patients.

Methods

A total of 100 CKD patients (mean age 55.6 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled. Anemia was diagnosed based on hemoglobin levels, and renal function was assessed using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Comorbidities, iron profile, erythropoietin levels, and clinical outcomes were also evaluated.

Results

The study included 100 CKD patients with a mean age of 55.6 ± 12.4 years; 65% were male and 35% female. The prevalence of anemia was 82%, with 45% having mild anemia, 32% moderate, and 5% severe. Anemia severity correlated significantly with lower GFR (p < 0.001), and the anemic group had a higher prevalence of hypertension (88% vs. 58%, p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (84% vs. 77%, p = 0.03), and proteinuria (85% vs. 67%, p = 0.05). Diabetic nephropathy was the most common etiology (90% of anemic patients, p = 0.04). Anemic patients had significantly lower serum ferritin (185.4 ± 91.6 ng/mL vs. 250.2 ± 128.3 ng/mL, p = 0.01), lower transferrin saturation (60% vs. 25%, p = 0.03), and lower erythropoietin levels (15.2 ± 5.3 mIU/mL vs. 30.1 ± 8.7 mIU/mL, p < 0.001). Hospitalization rates (58% vs. 36%, p = 0.01) and mortality (12% vs. 4%, p = 0.04) were also higher in anemic patients.

Conclusion

Anemia is highly prevalent in CKD patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Early detection and management of anemia in CKD patients may improve prognosis.

Recommendations

Early screening and management of anemia, regular monitoring of renal function, and addressing comorbidities can improve CKD patient outcomes.

Author Biographies

Dr. S Sivajyothsna, Assistant Professor , Department of Pathology , Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences , Nellimarla , Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. S. Sivajyothsna is currently serving as an Assistant Professor of Pathology at Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. She holds an MD degree in Pathology from the prestigious Rangaraya Medical College, Andhra Pradesh. With excellent teaching experience. Dr. S. Sivajyothsna has made significant contributions to the field of pathology. Her academic work includes research publications in reputed national and international journals. Her dedication to research and education continues to enrich the academic and clinical landscape of Pathology.

Dr . J Srikanth, Consultant Urologist, Srikanth Kidney and Laparoscopic Centre, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. J Srikanth is a Consultant urologist, Srikanth Kidney and laparoscopic centre, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. He earned his super specialty degree, MCH in urology. With outstanding clinical experience in his field, Dr. J Srikanth has made significant contributions to the field of urology. He has published research papers in reputed national and international journals. His commitment to patient care and research continues to enhance the field of urology.

Dr. D.S.S.K. Raju, Associate Professor, Department OF Biochemistry, Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences , Nellimarla , Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. D.S.S.K. Raju is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. He earned his Doctoral degree in Medical Biochemistry from the esteemed Saveetha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai. With over 17 years of teaching experience. Dr. D.S.S.K. Raju has made notable academic and research contributions. He has a good number of international research publications. He is also an Editorial Board member of the International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research. He reviewed a good number of Web of Science journals as a reviewer. D.S.S.K. Raju https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-9562

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