AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL DEMOGRAPHICS, RISK FACTORS, PROPORTION, IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES, AND ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS BETWEEN ELDERLY AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A RETROSPECTIVE. STUDY.

Rajeev Kumar  Khetan; Rajnish  kumar; Punita  kumari

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v4i12.991

Authors

Rajeev Kumar Khetan Department of Medicine, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.
Rajnish kumar Department of Medicine, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India.
Punita kumari Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v4i12.991

Keywords:

Acute Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Angiography, Retrospective Analysis, Cardiovascular Outcomes

Abstract

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the demographics, angiographic parameters, risk factors, and clinical outcomes during hospital stays of individuals aged 55 years or younger presenting with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

The study employed a retrospective design, analyzing 184 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI) at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (IGIMS) in Patna, Bihar, India, over a year. Inclusion criteria encompassed individuals aged 18 or older exhibiting at least 70 % epicardial coronary artery stenosis, with data retrieved from the local catheterization database. Ethical considerations were adhered to, and statistical analyses involved categorical and continuous variable comparisons, ensuring data completeness and significance at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

Examining 184 acute myocardial infarction patients aged ≤55 years old, a higher male representation and increased family history of premature coronary heart disease was observed. Notably, the younger cohort (20-41 years) exhibited elevated troponin I (p < 0.05) and creatine kinase (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed male gender and dyslipidemia as predictors for multivessel disease in the young, while in the other cohort, diabetes was the sole predictor. In-hospital outcomes for these patients show a significant rise in deaths (p < 0.05) and major adverse cardiovascular events, all stemming from cardiac causes.

Conclusion

This study underscores the significance of exploring demographics and risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction, providing valuable insights that contribute to our understanding of this critical medical condition. The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing research to enhance prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the realm of cardiovascular health.

Recommendation

The study recommends further investigations into the factors influencing acute myocardial infarction, informing targeted interventions and policies for enhancing cardiovascular health.