Oral health, coping strategies and neuropsychological determinants in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review.

Dr. Vijay  Subramani; Dr.Karthik  Shunmugavelu; Vaishnavi

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.2482

Authors

Dr. Vijay Subramani Department of Psychiatry, Assistant Professor, Anna Poorana Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
Dr.Karthik Shunmugavelu Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tambaram, Kanchipuram main road, Oragadam Panruti, Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu 631604 India
Vaishnavi Undergraduate (MBBS), PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tambaram, Kanchipuram main road Oragadam Panruti, Kanchipuram district Tamilnadu 631604, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.2482

Keywords:

Dental, psychiatry, neurological, quality of life, stress

Abstract

Background
Individuals with schizophrenia experience a high burden of oral disease due to psychotropic medication effects, impaired self-care, cognitive dysfunction, and social marginalization. Psychological determinants, including coping strategies and neuropsychological functioning, may influence oral health behaviour and treatment outcomes in this population.

Methodology
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Prospective and retrospective studies published in English evaluating oral health status, coping strategies, psychological determinants, or neurocognitive correlates among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were included. Editorials and conference abstracts were excluded. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Owing to heterogeneity in outcome measures and study designs, findings were synthesized narratively.

Results
Fifty records were identified, of which twenty full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence consistently demonstrated increased dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and reduced preventive dental attendance among individuals with schizophrenia. Psychological determinants, including coping strategies, resilience, sense of coherence, self-esteem, hope, and neuropsychological functioning, were associated with oral health behaviour. Maladaptive coping and dental stress correlated with poor oral hygiene and delayed dental care. Studies also indicated that collaborative care involving dental and psychiatric professionals improved treatment engagement and rehabilitation outcomes.

Conclusions
Coping strategies and neuropsychological functioning influence oral health behaviour among individuals with schizophrenia. Interdisciplinary psychiatric–dental care models may improve oral health outcomes and quality of life.

Future research

Future research should focus on longitudinal studies examining neuropsychological determinants of oral health behaviour and the effectiveness of integrated rehabilitation-based oral health interventions.

Author Biographies

Dr. Vijay Subramani, Department of Psychiatry, Assistant Professor, Anna Poorana Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Annapoorna Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. His academic work focuses on psychiatric epidemiology, neurocognitive disorders, and psychosocial rehabilitation.

Dr.Karthik Shunmugavelu, Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, PSP medical college hospital and research institute, Tambaram, Kanchipuram main road, Oragadam Panruti, Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu 631604 India

BDS, MDS (OMFP), MSc (London), MFDSRCS (England), MFDSRCPS (Glasgow)
Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India. His research interests include oral pathology, psychosomatic interfaces in dentistry, and interdisciplinary oral medicine.

Vaishnavi, Undergraduate (MBBS), PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tambaram, Kanchipuram main road Oragadam Panruti, Kanchipuram district Tamilnadu 631604, India

MBBS (Undergraduate) PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India. Her academic interests include psychiatry, public health research, and integrated healthcare models.

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