Clinical profile and risk factors of ischemic stroke in adults: a cross-sectional observational study at a tertiary care hospital.

Abstract

Background:
Ischemic stroke continues to be a major cause of long-term disability and mortality in low- and middle-income regions. Identifying clinical patterns and modifiable vascular risks in affected adults is essential for strengthening preventive strategies and improving early outcomes in tertiary-care settings.

 Objectives:

To describe the demographic profile, clinical presentation, vascular risk factors, imaging characteristics, and early in-hospital outcomes of adults diagnosed with ischemic stroke.

 Methods:

This observational study enrolled 100 adults with radiologically confirmed ischemic stroke. Detailed demographic information, risk-factor distribution, presenting symptoms, NIHSS scores, stroke territory, and imaging etiology were recorded. Carotid Doppler findings, metabolic parameters, and early complications were documented. Functional recovery at discharge was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, with results organized in Tables 1–4.

 Results:

The mean age was 61.8 ± 11.4 years, and males represented 64% of the cohort. The majority belonged to the 56–70-year age group. Hypertension (68%), diabetes (44%), and dyslipidemia (38%) were the most frequent vascular risks. Nearly one-third exhibited multiple coexisting risk factors. Anterior circulation strokes accounted for 72%, with motor weakness reported by 84% of patients. The median NIHSS score at admission was 10. Imaging revealed large-artery atherosclerotic infarcts in 47%, lacunar strokes in 28%, and cardioembolic events in 15%. Carotid Doppler detected ≥50% stenosis in 22%. Early complications included aspiration pneumonia (12%) and cerebral edema (9%). Functional improvement (mRS ≤3) was noted in 58%, while in-hospital mortality was 6%.

 Conclusion:

The findings highlight a strong clustering of modifiable vascular risks, predominance of anterior circulation involvement, and considerable early morbidity. Timely detection of hypertension, glycaemic derangements, and carotid disease may substantially improve clinical outcomes.

 Recommendations:

Regular community-based screening for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia should be strengthened. Primary-care providers require structured training to recognize early stroke symptoms and expedite referral.