Ultrasonography and Pregnancy Outcome in Threatened Abortion: A Prospective Observational Study

Maya  Singh; Shishir  Kumar; Nahid  Lari; Daya  Shankar

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i3.1660

Authors

Maya Singh Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maharshi Devraha Baba Autonomous State Medical College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shishir Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharshi Devraha Baba Autonomous State Medical College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nahid Lari Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maharshi Devraha Baba Autonomous State Medical College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
Daya Shankar Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KMC Medical College and Hospital, Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i3.1660

Keywords:

First-trimester ultrasound, fetal heart rate, crown-rump length, pregnancy outcomes, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract

Background: Threatened abortion, marked by first-trimester vaginal bleeding, poses a risk for pregnancy loss and adverse outcomes. Ultrasonography is a key diagnostic tool for assessing fetal viability and identifying predictive markers such as fetal heart rate and crown-rump length. This study explores the role of ultrasonographic parameters in predicting miscarriage risk and guiding clinical management.

Methods: This prospective observational study encompassed 100 pregnant women categorized into three groups based on first-trimester bleeding and ultrasonographic findings. Transvaginal ultrasonography assessed fetal heart rate, cervical length, and gestational sac characteristics. Statistical analyses evaluated the predictive value of sonographic markers for pregnancy outcomes.

Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable among groups, but Group I had earlier and heavier bleeding. Group I also revealed lower fetal heart rates and crown-rump lengths, indicating poor pregnancy viability (p < 0.05). Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including PROM, IUGR, and NICU admissions, were more frequent in Group II (p < 0.05). Early abnormal ultrasound markers were significantly associated with late pregnancy complications.

Conclusion: Early first-trimester ultrasound markers, particularly fetal heart rate and crown-rump length, are strong predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identifying these markers can aid in risk stratification and timely intervention.

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