A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE HAEMODYNAMIC STRESS RESPONSES TO SURGERIES AND THE INTRA-OPERATIVE AND POST-OPERATIVE EFFECTS OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE

Sachin Kumar  Gupta; Shrikanta; Ali  Raza; Divyansh  Gaur; Shah Raj  Jayantilal

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i12.1507

Authors

Sachin Kumar Gupta Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, India
Shrikanta Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, India
Ali Raza Secondary DNB, Department of Anaesthesiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, India
Divyansh Gaur Secondary DNB, Department of Anaesthesiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, India
Shah Raj Jayantilal Senior Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i12.1507

Keywords:

Dexmedetomidine, Hemodynamic Stability, Anesthetic Adjunct, Postoperative Analgesia, Surgical Stress Response

Abstract

Background

The surgical stress response triggers neuroendocrine and hemodynamic variations that can compromise patient outcomes. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, offers sedation, analgesia, and hemodynamic stability without respiratory depression.

Methods

This prospective study was carried out at Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital over six months and included 100 adult patients (ASA I/II) undergoing elective surgeries lasting over one hour. Patients were categorized into two groups: one receiving dexmedetomidine and the other a saline placebo. Hemodynamic parameters, anesthetic and analgesic requirements, and postoperative pain scores were monitored.

Results

Dexmedetomidine significantly stabilized heart rate, with a reduction from 78.0 ± 4.1 bpm in the placebo group to 69.0 ± 3.5 bpm before induction (p = 0.0001). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lower in the dexmedetomidine group after intubation (96.5 ± 2.0 mm Hg vs. 105.4 ± 3.2 mm Hg, p = 0.0001) and during surgery, with values of 84.3 ± 2.2 mm Hg compared to 89.8 ± 2.5 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Additionally, patients in the dexmedetomidine group required significantly less propofol (93.5 ± 3.1 mg vs. 110.8 ± 7.5 mg, p = 0.0001) and reported lower postoperative pain scores at 60 minutes (0.5 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine is effective as an anesthetic adjunct, enhancing hemodynamic stability and postoperative analgesia while reducing anesthetic and opioid requirements.

Recommendation

We recommend researchers to do additional studies with a substantial sample size, incorporating invasive blood pressure measurement and multicenter randomized controlled trials.

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