Concurrent Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Insufficiency as Prognostic Indicators for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Brajesh Kumar  Singh

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i12.1473

Authors

Brajesh Kumar Singh MD Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Lord Buddha Koshi Medical College and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i12.1473

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, Renal insufficiency, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Major Adverse Cardiac Events, Kidney failure, In-Hospital Mortality, Prognostic Factors

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Two important risk factors that independently impair the prognosis of individuals with AMI are diabetes mellitus (DM) and renal failure. Because of the increased risks they provide, research on the combined impact of these comorbidities on patient outcomes is crucial. This study focused on in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stays, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in order to determine the prognostic importance of concurrent diabetes mellitus and kidney failure in individuals with AMI.

Methods: 100 people with AMI participated in this cohort study, which ran from September 2023 to August 2024. Based on whether or not they had diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency, participants were divided into four groups. To account for potential confounders, multivariate regression analysis, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and descriptive statistics were used to examine clinical outcomes.

Results: The patients in Group IV, who had both kidney failure and diabetes, had the highest incidence of MACE (56.2%) and the longest hospital stay (7.9 ± 3.2 days) and also the highest rate of mortality in hospital (26.8%). Both renal failure (Odds Ratio 3.2, 95% Confidence Interval 2.1-4.9) and diabetes mellitus (Odds Ratio 2.4, 95% Confidence Interval 1.6-3.6) were found to be significant independent predictors of unfavourable outcomes using multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion: Following an AMI, patients with concurrent diabetes mellitus and kidney failure have far worse outcomes than those with either condition alone or neither. These results highlight the necessity of close observation and specialized treatment plans for this high-risk group.

Recommendations: For AMI patients who also have diabetes and renal failure, healthcare practitioners should use integrated care approaches. To enhance outcomes for these patients, further research should concentrate on creating and assessing targeted therapies.

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