A CASE-CONTROL PERSPECTIVE STUDY ON EXPLORING DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED SYSTOLIC FUNCTION, BIHAR, INDIA.

Sajjad  Ahsan; Rakesh  Roshan; Nazish  Raza; Mahmood  Alam

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i3.1048

Authors

Sajjad Ahsan Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
Rakesh Roshan Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gauri Devi Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
Nazish Raza Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
Mahmood Alam Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i3.1048

Keywords:

Diastolic Dysfunction, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Asymptomatic, Echocardiography, Glycemic Control

Abstract

Background:

Asymptomatic individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit diastolic dysfunction, a precursor to symptomatic heart failure (HF), despite preserved systolic function. The study aims to investigate the incidence and severity of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in this population and its association with diabetes duration, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods:

A case-control prospective study was carried out enrolling 82 participants: 55 with T2DM and 27 non-diabetic individuals. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed to assess diastolic function parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.

Results:

The study revealed a high incidence of diastolic dysfunction, with 54.9% of participants affected, ranging from mild to severe impairment. Individuals with T2DM exhibited a significantly higher incidence of diastolic dysfunction compared to non-diabetic participants (p < 0.05). Diabetes status independently contributed to impaired diastolic function, with a positive correlation observed between diabetes duration and severity of dysfunction (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis hinted at a trend towards significance between poorly controlled diabetes and increased diastolic dysfunction prevalence (p = 0.08). Uncontrolled hypertension was associated with heightened diastolic dysfunction severity.

Conclusion:

Asymptomatic individuals with T2DM and preserved systolic function demonstrate a substantial burden of diastolic dysfunction, which is independently associated with diabetes status and duration. Early detection and management of diabetes, glycemic control, and blood pressure are crucial in mitigating the risk of diastolic dysfunction and improving cardiovascular outcomes in this population.

Recommendations:

Clinicians should emphasize early screening for diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic individuals with T2DM, particularly focusing on glycemic control and blood pressure management. Future research should explore targeted interventions aimed at preserving diastolic function and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. Diastolic dysfunction (DD)