Histopathological Spectrum of Gastric Biopsies in Patients with Chronic Dyspepsia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Mohammed Amer  Rohaid; Seema  Khan; Sindhu  Gugulothu; Mohammed Mohiddin  Ghouse

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i9.2180

Authors

Dr. Mohammed Amer Rohaid Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Dr. Seema Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Dr. Sindhu Gugulothu Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Dr. Mohammed Mohiddin Ghouse Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i9.2180

Keywords:

Chronic dyspepsia, Gastric biopsy, Histopathology, Helicobacter pylori, Gastritis

Abstract

Background:
Chronic dyspepsia remains one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints, with etiologies ranging from benign inflammatory changes to premalignant and malignant conditions.

Objectives:

To determine the histopathological spectrum of gastric mucosal lesions in patients presenting with chronic dyspepsia and to evaluate the correlation of H. pylori infection with histopathological patterns.

Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 patients with chronic dyspepsia who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a tertiary care hospital. Gastric biopsies were obtained primarily from the antrum and processed for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Modified Giemsa stain was used for the detection of H. pylori. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 44.6 ± 12.4 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The antrum was the predominant site of biopsy (68%). Chronic non-specific gastritis (44%) was the most common histological finding, followed by chronic active gastritis (22%), reactive (chemical) gastropathy (6%), atrophic gastritis (4%), intestinal metaplasia (4%), and gastric adenocarcinoma (4%). Helicobacter pylori was detected in 28% of cases, showing a statistically significant association with chronic active and atrophic gastritis (χ² = 9.84; p = 0.021). Overall, inflammatory lesions constituted 78%, premalignant lesions accounted for 8%, and malignant lesions comprised 6% of the total biopsies.

Conclusion:

Chronic gastritis, predominantly involving the antrum, was the leading cause of dyspepsia. The significant association of H. pylori with chronic active and atrophic gastritis highlights its pivotal role in gastric mucosal injury and carcinogenic transformation.

Recommendations:

Routine gastric biopsies with H. pylori detection should be incorporated in all patients with persistent dyspepsia. Early eradication therapy, histological surveillance for atrophic or metaplastic changes, and lifestyle modifications may reduce progression to malignancy.

Author Biographies

Dr. Mohammed Amer Rohaid, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pathology at Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, has completed his MD in Pathology from RVM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Telangana. Dr. Amer is deeply involved in undergraduate teaching, diagnostic histopathology, and research mentoring. His academic interests span hematopathology, oncopathology, and laboratory medicine, reflecting his commitment to advancing diagnostic excellence and medical education. He has guided undergraduate students in research projects and is dedicated to fostering a culture of analytical thinking and evidence-based learning in the field of pathology. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8995-4805

Dr. Seema Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology at Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

She completed her MBBS from SVS Medical College, Mahboobnagar, Telangana, and obtained her MD in Pathology from Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India. Dr. Seema is actively involved in undergraduate teaching, diagnostic pathology, and academic research. Her areas of interest include histopathology, cytopathology, and hematopathology, with a strong focus on fostering analytical and research skills among medical students. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8134-3343

Dr. Sindhu Gugulothu, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

is Working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology at Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. She completed her MBBS from Katuri Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, and obtained her MD in Pathology from RVM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Telangana, India. Dr. Sindhu is actively involved in undergraduate teaching, diagnostic pathology, and academic research. Her areas of interest include histopathology, cytopathology, and hematopathology, with a strong focus on fostering analytical and research skills among medical students. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0923-880X

Dr. Mohammed Mohiddin Ghouse, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

is Working as Professor and Head, Department of Pathology at Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He completed his MD in Pathology from Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, and has over 18 years of extensive experience in the field of pathology. Dr. Ghouse has a distinguished career in diagnostic pathology, teaching, and laboratory administration, and has been actively involved in academic mentoring and institutional development. His areas of expertise include histopathology, hematopathology, and oncopathology, and he is known for his commitment to maintaining high standards in medical education and diagnostic excellence. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-6857

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