Integrating traditional African medicine into public health systems: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study on the pathway toward universal health coverage in South Africa.

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa

doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.1981

Authors

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa Mangosuthu University of Technology P.O. Box 12363 Jacobs 4026 Durban, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.1981

Keywords:

Traditional African Medicine, Universal Health Coverage, Public Health Integration, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Health Policy, South Africa, Traditional Healers, Healthcare Access

Abstract

Background

Traditional African Medicine (TAM) remains a vital component of healthcare for many South Africans, particularly in rural and peri-urban communities. Despite its widespread use and cultural relevance, TAM remains largely informal and insufficiently integrated into the national health system. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for integrating traditional medicine into public healthcare to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC), especially in contexts marked by health inequities. This study examines the feasibility, perceptions, and structural needs for integrating TAM into South Africa’s public health system.

Methods

A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from 120 participants comprising 60 community members, 30 biomedical professionals, and 30 traditional health practitioners (THPs) across three districts in KwaZulu-Natal. Participants were 52% female and 48% male, with an average age of 44.6 years (SD = 10.2; range: 21–72 years). Most community respondents (68%) resided in rural areas, while 32% lived in peri-urban settings. Fifteen qualitative interviews were conducted with policy experts, health administrators, and representatives from the Traditional Healers Organization (THO).

Results

Findings show that 78% of community members regularly use TAM, primarily for spiritual cleansing and chronic disease management. Sixty-seven percent of THPs expressed willingness to collaborate with biomedical professionals but cited lack of recognition and legal protection as barriers. Only 40% of biomedical professionals supported integration due to concerns about efficacy, safety, and regulation. Qualitative themes revealed mistrust between sectors, lack of herbal standardization, and insufficient documentation, but also highlighted TAM’s cultural importance and preventive health value.

Conclusion

TAM remains central to healthcare access and cultural identity in South Africa, yet systemic, legal, and attitudinal barriers impede integration.

Recommendations

Developing comprehensive policies, establishing collaborative platforms, investing in scientific validation, and promoting community-based engagement are essential for achieving inclusive, culturally responsive UHC.

Author Biography

Sibonelo Thanda Mbanjwa, Mangosuthu University of Technology P.O. Box 12363 Jacobs 4026 Durban, South Africa

is a dedicated lecturer in the Department of Nature Conservation at Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT), South Africa. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Science and specializes in biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and environmental education. Dr. Mbanjwa is deeply committed to community engagement, student mentorship, and the integration of indigenous knowledge systems into conservation practices. His work bridges academia and practical application, empowering students and communities through innovative teaching, research, and outreach initiatives.

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